Similarly, most serious, chronically delinquent children and adolescents experience a number of risk factors at various levels, but most children and adolescents with risk factors do not become serious, chronic delinquents. It has long been known that most adult criminals were involved in delinquent behavior as children and adolescents most delinquent children and adolescents, however, do not grow up to be adult criminals (Robins, 1978). Although risk factors may help identify which children are most in need of preventive interventions, they cannot identify which particular children will become serious or chronic offenders. Many children reach adulthood without involvement in serious delinquent behavior, even in the face of multiple risks. Thus, both biology and environment influence behavior. Clearly, genes affect biological development, but there is no biological development without environmental input. There is general agreement that behavior, including antisocial and delinquent behavior, is the result of a complex interplay of individual biological and genetic factors and environmental factors, starting during fetal development and continuing throughout life (Bock and Goode, 1996). Research over the past few decades on normal child development and on development of delinquent behavior has shown that individual, social, and community conditions as well as their interactions influence behavior.
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